JEE NEET MATERIALS

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2021-07-22 14:19:36 FULL FORMS

1. ICSI : Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection
2. IVF : In-vitro fertilisation
3. ET : Embryo transfer
4. SCA : Sickle cell Anaemia
5. PKU : Phenylketonuria
6. NHC : Non-histone Chromosomal proteins
7. snRNA : Small Nuclear RNA
8. hnRNA : Heterogenous Nuclear RNA
9. sRNA : Soluble RNA
10. UTR : Untranslated Regions
11. HGP : Human Genome Project
12. ELSI : Ethical, Legal & Social Issues
13. BAC : Bacterial Artificial Chromosome
14. YAC : Yeast Artificial Chromosome
15. ESTs : Expressed Sequence Tags
16. SNPs : Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
17. VNTR : Variable Number of Tandem Repeats
18. SCRR : School of Cytogenetics & Radiation Reserch
19. IARI : Indian Agricultural Research Institute (New Delhi)
20. CMI : Cell - Mediated Immunity
21. MALT : Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue Open / Comment

2021-07-22 14:18:53 Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Introduction
Most of the liquids that conduct electricity belong to solutions of acids, bases and salts.
Some liquids are good conductors and some are poor conductors of electricity.
The passage of an electric current through a conducting liquid normally causes chemical reactions and the resulting effects of this reaction are known as chemical effects of currents.
The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity is known as electroplating.
Electroplating is commonly used in industry for coating metal objects with a thin layer of a different metal.
Coating of zinc is applied on iron to protect it from the corrosion and formation of rust.


Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Introduction
The electricity and magnetism are linked to each other and it is proved when the electric current passes through the copper wire, it produces a magnetic effect.
The electromagnetic effects first time noticed by Hans Christian Oersted.

Magnetic Field
Magnetic field is a quantity, which has both magnitude and direction.
The direction of a magnetic field is usually taken to be the direction in which, a north pole of the compass needle moves inside it.
It is the convention that the field lines emerge from north pole and merge at the south pole.
No two field-lines of a magnet bar are found to cross each other. If it happens, then it means that at the point of intersection, the compass needle would point towards two directions, which is simply not possible.
The magnitude of the magnetic field produced by an electric current at a given point increases with the increase of current through the wire.


Right-Hand Thumb Rule
Also known as Maxwell’s corkscrew rule, right-hand thumb rule illustrates direction of the magnetic field associated with a current-carrying conductor.
Right-hand thumb rule states that “Imagine that you are holding a current-carrying straight conductor in your right hand such that the thumb points towards the direction of current. Then your fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field.”


Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule
Fleming’s left-hand rule states that “Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand such that they are mutually perpendicular. If the first finger points in the direction of magnetic field and the second finger in the direction of current, then the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.”
Human body also produces magnetic field; however, it is very weak and about one-billionth of the earth’s magnetic field.
Heart and brain are the two main organs in the human body where the magnetic field has been produced.
The magnetic field inside the human body forms the basis of getting the images of different parts of the body.
The technique used to get the image of body part is known as the Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI. Open / Comment

2021-07-22 14:17:09 Plant growth and development ....

NCERT ....

Revision pointzzzzz...

A single maize root apical meristem can be give rise to more than 17500 new cells per hour

A wateremelon cell can increase its size upto 3,50,000 times

Arithmetic growth rate - Only one daughter cell continuous to divide while others differentiate and matures

Geometric growth rate - all the daughter cells produced will divide..Sigmoid growth curve is obtained

Absolute growth rate - Increase in growth per unit time

Relative growth rate - Increase in growth per unit time per unit initial parameter

Relative growth rate also called as Efficiency index

Differentiation - Conversion of meristamatic cell into structurally and functionally specialised Primary permanent tissue...eg: Formation of primary xylem

Dedifferentiation - Conversion of primary permanent tissue to Secondary meristems....eg: Formation of cork cambium

Redifferentiation - Formation of secondary permanent tissus from secondary meristems....eg: Formation of secondary xylem

Development in plants = Growth + differentiation

Eg of plasticity - Heterophylly in cotton, coriander, larkspur in which leaves of juvenile and mature stages are different......Heterophylly in buttercup in which leaves in terrestrial and aquatic habitat plants are different

Plants growth regulators can be any group of small chemical molecule They can be indole compounds eg: Indole 3 acetic acid (IAA).....Adenine derivatives eg: N6 furfuryl amino purine, kinetin.....carotenoids eg: abscisic acid....terpenes eg: gibberellic acid....Gases eg: ethylene

Plant growth promotors - Auxin, Cytokinin, Giberellic acid

Plant growth inhibitors - Abscisic acid

Ethylene has both properties

Auxin - Effects :

1. First isolated from human urine
2. IAA & IBA are natural auxins and NAA & 2,4 - D are synthetic auxins
3. Auxin initiate roots in stem cuttings
4. It promotes flowering in pineapples
5. Prevent abscission of young fruit and leaf...promotes abscission of old leaf & fruits
6. Promote apical dominance 7. 2,4-D act as herbicide in dicots

Gibberellins - Effects

1. Increase length of grape stalks
2. Causes fruits like apple to elongate and improve its shape
3. Delay senescence
4. GA3 promote malting in brewing industry
5. Increase length of stem in sugarcane and increase yield upto 20 tonnes per acre
6. Cause internodal elongation in beet, cabbage, and other rosette plants

Cytokinins - Effects

1. Promote cell division
2. Overcome apical dominance
3. Promote nutrient mobilisation

Ethylene - Effects

1. Promotes senescence and abscission
2. Promote ripening
3. Breaks seed and bud dormancy
4. Helps leaf & upper part of shoot to remain above water
5. Initiate flowering in pineapple

Abscissic acid - Effects

1. Inhibits seed germination
2. Also called stress hormone
3. Antagonist to GA Open / Comment

2021-07-22 07:22:17 JEE NEET MATERIALS pinned «ALLEN LECTURES CLICK HERE ALLEN HAND BOOKS CLICK HERE AAKASH ALL MATERIALS MEGA LINK ALLEN ALL QUESTION PAPER MEGA LINK ETOOS CLASS 11 12TH AND DROPPER BATCH MEGA LINK PHYSICS WALLAH ALL DPP MEGA LINK CLASS 11 TH AND 12TH ALL DPP LINK FOR JEE MAINS AND…» Open / Comment

2021-07-22 07:19:35 ALLEN LECTURES
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2021-07-21 17:42:35 Factors Affecting Conductivity
(i) Nature of electrolyte The strong electrolytes like
KNO KCl 3
, , NaOH, etc. are completely ionised in aqueous
solution and have high values of conductivity (molar as well as
equivalent). The weak electrolytes are ionised to a lesser extent
in aqueous solution and have lower values of conductivity (molar
as well as equivalent).


(ii) Concentration of the solution The concentrated solutions
of strong electrolytes have significant interionic attractions,
which reduce the speed of ions and lower the value of Λ m and Λeq.
The dilution decreases such attractions and increases the value
of Λ m and Λeq. The limiting value, Λ Λ m m or 0 ∞
(the molar
conductivity at zero
concentration or at infinite
dilution) can be obtained by
extrapolating the graph.
In case of weak
electrolytes, the degree of
ionisation increases on
dilution which increases
the value of Λ m and Λeq. The limiting value Λ m
0
cannot be
obtained by extrapolating the graph. The limiting value, Λ m
0
,
for weak electrolytes is obtained by Kohlrausch law.


(iii) Temperature The increase of temperature decreases
inter-ionic attractions and increases kinetic energy of ions and
their speed. Thus, Λ m and Λeq increase with temperature. Open / Comment

2021-07-21 16:15:35 USES OF INERT GASES :

(1) He is non-inflammable and light gas, so it is used in filling balloons for meteorological observations.
(2) He is used in gas cooled nuclear reactors.
(3) Liquid He is used as cryogenic agent.
(4) He is used to produce powerful superconducting magnets.
(5) Ne is used in discharge tubes.
(6) Ar is used as inert atmosphere in metallurgical process.
(7) Xenon and Krypton are used in light bulbs designed for special purposes.

IMPORTANT ORDER :

(1) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe Atomic radius
(2) He > Ne > Ar > Kr > Xe Ionisation energy
(3) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe < Rn Density
(4) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe < Rn mpt. bpt Open / Comment

2021-07-21 09:03:50 1. Weight of Liver : 1.2 to 1.5 kg
2. Weight of Kidney : 120 to 170 gm
3. Number of lobes in Liver : 2
4. Number of salivary glands : 3 pairs
5. Number of portions in stomach : 4 (Cardiac, fundic, body & Pyloric).
6. Stomach stores food for : 4 to 5 hours.
7. pH of saliva : 6.8
8. pH of gastric juice : 1.8
9. pH in duodenum : 7.8
10. pH of urine : 6.0
11. Breathing rate : 12-16 times/minute
12. Tidal volume : 500 mL
13. IRV : 2500 - 3000 mL
14. ERV : 1000 - 1100 mL
15. RV : 1100 - 1200 mL
16. Water in plasma : 90-92%
17. Water in watermelon : 92%.
18. Water in herbaceous plants : 85-90%.
19. Water in human cell : 70-90%.
20. Colon is divided in : 4 parts (Ascending, transverse, descending and
sigmoid parts). (NCERT Correction-2019-20)
21. Solubility of CO2
is 20-25 times higher than that of O2
.
22. Diffusion membrane is made up of 3 layers.
23. Total thickness of diffusion membrane : < 1 mm
24. No. of wall layers in alimentary canal (from oesophagus to rectum) : "4"
25. Gastric gland have 3 type of cells : Mucus neck cells, chief cells and
parietal cells
26. Every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver how much O2
to tissues
: 5 mL
27. Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood delivers how much CO2
to the
4ml Open / Comment